Investment Bubbles - Past and Present

There have been many famous speculative bubbles inestate. The consensus on the dollar is that it will keep
the past. There appears to be a few formingfalling for the rest of eternity. It may well have hit
currently. While it can be profitable to ride thebottom, or be close to it. Any reversal of the dollar
investment while a bubble is forming, it is importantcould end the demand from foreign buyers. Also,
to recognize when an investment is in a bubble, andsince the hedge fund bonuses are a primary driver of
to get out before the bubble bursts. Doing that is, ofthe high-end real estate market, an end to those high
course, easier said than done.fees would also cause a lowering of demand. Hedge
One of the earliest bubbles was the famous tulip bulbfund manager fees are also in a bubble, in my opinion,
mania in Holland that ended in 1637. It seems veryas is CEO pay. How can a hedge fund manager
silly looking back that seemingly rational people wouldjustify taking such large fees with such generally
pay more than ten times an average annual salarypoor performance? How can a CEO justify taking a
for a single tulip bulb. That bubble burst, as it$200 million fee for leaving a company when the
obviously had to, and prices came back down toprice of its stock is in the tank?
earth. Many people were financially devastated in theAnother bubble about to burst, in my opinion, is the
process.art market. As with housing, part of the driver for
Another famous bubble was the South Sea bubblethe art market is the weak dollar, both from the
that burst in 1720. Shares of stock in the South Seaaspect of art in the US being relatively cheaper for
Company went from a little over 100 pounds toforeign investors, and as a place to get out of a fiat
nearly 1000 pounds, and then right back to where itcurrency into something perceived to be more
all started. This bubble, from nearly 300 years ago,tangible. There was a story in the Wall Street Journal
sounds not unlike the gold bubble of less than 30today about an actor who bought a horrible Warhol
years ago. In the middle to late 1970's the price ofpainting about five years ago for 3.5 million dollars,
gold was trading much of the time around the $100and it just sold at auction for 23.5 million dollars. That's
level. Then a huge rally gained steam at the end ofa pretty good return over five years for a piece of
that decade. The final blow-off occurred with goldart that has questionable long-term appeal. Even
reaching approximately $850 per ounce. Silver mademore horrifying is the Rothko piece that sold for $73
an even greater advance. When the bubble finallymillion. If you are not familiar with Rothko, I'll fill you
burst in the first couple of months of 1980, therein. He painted large canvases - about $100 dollars
was a quick drop in both metals, with silver falling allworth including the stretcher bars, and put about
the way back to the starting price. The gold marketanother $20 worth of paint, usually in three blobs
fared somewhat better, with prices holding aboutthat resemble a hamburger in a bun. And somehow
two and a half time the starting prices at thethat becomes worth $73 million to someone. I think
culmination of a 22-year bear market. Gold prices onlywhen he first painted those abstract buns he could
now, after 27 years, are approaching the old recordhave put them out on the street with the trash and
price, and that is not adjusted for inflation. Silver isnobody would have picked them up. If you own a
still trading less than a third of the price it reached inWarhol or Rothko, sell before reality sets in.
1980. Not a good long term hold.The classic car market has a bubble going on as well,
Another great bubble was the tech and dot comat least in my opinion. There was a huge bubble in
mania of the late 1990's. The price of any stock withthe late 1980's in exotic 1960's sports cars, especially
a "dot com" in its name went on a parabolic priceFerraris. There was a buying mania that brought up
move upward. Many of these stocks had no earning,the prices paid at auctions well into the seven figures
no prospect of earnings, no business plan, and only afor cars that could have been purchased for a small
vague idea for a product. Investors would bid upfraction of that just a few years before. Many of
these shares to market caps far greater than manythe more desirable Ferraris increased by more than a
well-established companies with real products andhundred-fold in a very short time, eclipsing many of
earnings. Most of these stocks are now trading onthe famous bubbles throughout history. What was
the pink sheets for pennies. This bubble, in extent ofthe reason for this bubble? Many would argue that it
the price rise and extent of the inevitable fall, farwas driven by an insatiable appetite by many of the
eclipses some of the more famous, older bubbles.newly rich Japanese. Many of these Ferraris were bid
So what about today?up at auction on behalf of Japanese investors, and
Perhaps the most obvious and visible bubble today isthe cars were transported to vaults in Japan, much
in the Chinese stocks. Some will argue that these arelike people might store gold coins in their safe deposit
real companies with real earnings, with growth ratesboxes, with some difference in the size of the box
that justify the high prices. However, there is a maniaof course. Many experts suspect the collector car
in China as its citizen's line up to open brokerageauction houses rigged many of these auctions to
accounts by the tens of thousands every day,inflate the prices. The Japanese investors didn't seem
buying everything in sight. This is a group of peopleto care what they paid as long as they got a car to
with little experience investing. They just buyput in the vault. And what caused this new found
because prices are going up, much like manywealth for the Japanese investors? You might recall
beginning and even experienced investors did duringthat the Japanese stock market was at the height
the dot com mania. They will most likely get burnedof its bubble at about the same time. They were
when the inevitable pin finds the bubble. Thosebuying up US landmark buildings. The bubble in their
analysts that should know better keep tellingstock market collapses, even though experts said it
investors that "this time it's different." It is nevercouldn't, and it brought down the market for sports
different. The same story repeats again and again.cars with it. The Japanese stock market has yet to
Another bubble in the process of bursting is the realget anywhere near its all time high as this is being
estate market. Recently there have been headlineswritten. The price of a few selected Ferraris is now
daily about investors making thousands of dollarsonly approaching the price, in dollar terms not
overnight by house flipping. Condos were beingadjusted for inflation, of the peak about 18 years
pre-sold to flippers. People were borrowing on theirago.
increasing equity lines of credit to leverage more realSo what does this have to do with a bubble in the
estate holding, or just to live beyond their means.classic car market now? The emphasis has shifted
Ordinary housing was being priced far higher than anyfrom exotic European sports cars to much more
person working for a salary could afford. If you didn'tmundane and ordinary American muscle cars from
have a house to trade up from, a trust fund to tap,the mid-60's to early 1970's. Very ordinary Plymouths
or an inheritance, you couldn't possible come up withand Chevys with a muscle car engine, and perhaps
a down payment. People in high paying professionalsome factory paint option like a racing stripe or some
jobs couldn't qualify for the most basis starter homeother gimmick that would make the car slightly more
in many markets. Schemes were worked out to getrare than one off the showroom floor, are fetching
around the down payment requirement, and to getprices at auction well into the six figures. I was
around the income reporting and verificationastounded watching one auction where an orange
requirements. This kept the bubble going. All the real'cuda (a Plymouth Barracuda) of early 1970's vintage
estate agents in the world saying "this time it'swent for over $300,000. This was a car that
different" couldn't stop that bubble from bursting.probably cost under $4000 new. I would suspect five
One interesting exception currently is in theyears ago if someone put the keys in the ignition and
Manhattan real estate market. Prices of condos anda sign saying "please take me" that there would be
co-ops in Manhattan are still rising fast as the rest ofno takers. So why is this bubble happening? The
the county is seeing prices drop. What is happening?classic car experts say it is because the baby
There are a few logical reasons. The city is moreboomer men that grew up in the 1960's that weren't
desirable now that it has been cleaned up and madefor one reason or another able to buy these cars,
safer. Congestion and travel times are a factor forare now in a position to recapture their youthful
people wanting to live close in rather than spendingdreams. There may be something to this. I go to
three or four hours a day commuting. But prices formany car shows every year and see pot bellied men
decent apartments are well beyond the reach ofin their early 60's standing next to their exhibited
anyone working for a salary and having to deal withChevelle, Corvette, or 'Cuda. Also, unlike Ferraris,
financing. This is a problem in much of the nation, asthese cars were so undesirable for so long that most
pointed out earlier, but in New York it is magnifiedhave probably been junked or poorly cared for, so
beyond reason. If a doctor or other highly trainedclean specimens probably are somewhat rare. Similar
and highly paid professional moved to Manhattan andcars from the 30's, 40's, or 50's are not fetching
wanted to purchase a home suitable for a family, heanywhere near the prices of the American muscle
she would not make anywhere near enough moneycars.
to qualify for a home, let alone be able to saveIt is very difficult to see the bubble from within. It is
enough for 20% down. If a doctor cannot purchasealways obvious that a bubble existed once it has
a home near where his practice is, then I wouldpopped. Investors in stocks and futures have some
suggest that area is in a bubble.advantage, as it is easier to put in a stop loss to
If the real estate boom continues in Manhattan, theprotect against a drop when a parabolic price
only people left who will be able to afford anadvance occurs. Other investments move at a much
apartment will be hedge fund managers, star baseballslower pace, which makes the rise and topping action
players, rock stars, actors, or those receiving hugemuch more difficult to spot. But when everyone says
inheritances. The city will lose its soul and character. I"this time it's different" and then goes on to explain
hear so many stories of people who paid $200why the price advance will never stop, it is usually a
thousand for an apartment 20 years ago, and aregood time to exit. If you are in a theater and smell
now able to sell it for six million. One new building onsmoke, it is probably wise to get up out of the seat
Central Park West with over 200 units, sold out withand get near an exit. It might be a false alarm.
an average sales price of $10 million per unit.Someone might have lit a match to set the time on
Apartments with a park view were getting overtheir watch and the smell drifted past you. You can
$6000 per square foot. As desirable and great asalways return to your seat. But if you wait for proof,
Manhattan is, the price of apartments is in a bubble.and smoke begins to fill the room, someone yells
It will burst. Those who pay these prices will get"fire," and everyone rushes for the too few exits,
burned when the bubble bursts. So what can pop thisyou will wind up getting trampled trying to get out. It
bubble? The falling dollar, another bubble in reverse,is better to sell when the demand is in a mania than
has encouraged foreign purchases of desirable realafter the top when everyone wants out.