Elusive Wine Definitions

Many of the wines bearing different names cannotappreciated when one remembers that California
be told apart by experts without seeing their labels.supplies more than four fifths of all wine consumed in
This is one of the things that provide our wine snobsthe United States.
with opportunities to display their knowledge.The staff research into European laws and
It is probably a form of Bacchic blasphemy to treatregulations cast no light. In Europe they found
wine, the most honored of all beverages, as merelyelaborate laws that mainly defined the many
another drink. Yet soda pop—in contrast to thehundreds of little viticulture regions and limit vineyard
blood of the grape—comes in only about twentyand winery practices, but fail to specify how a wine
most popular flavors. Beer has four, more or less;under a given name shall taste.
whiskey, perhaps six; and the dairy industry nowThey then quizzed California vintners, individually and
offers us, as beverages, homogenized milk,at industry meetings, on what their labels meant. It
condensed, evaporated, and powdered milks,was soon learned that one winery's Sauterne
buttermilk, skim milk, chocolate milk, and for folksmatched another winery's Haut Sauterne; that John
with certain allergies, goat's milk. Why not groupDoe's Sherry was drier than Richard Roe's "Dry"
wines, too, according to their principal flavors?Sherry; and so on through the entire list of popular
To this question vintners usually reply that thetypes.
products of the world's myriad vineyards cannot beUsing more wheedling than logic, the researches
classified as simply as the manufactured uniformfinally won most leading wineries' agreement to let
flavors of soft drinks. They point out that wines arethem spell out measurable steps of sweetness for
farm products, as temperamental as the local"dry," "regular," "haut" (sweet), and "chateau" (still
weather that influences the flavors of their grapes,sweeter) Semillons, and for "dry," "regular," and
just as it influences the taste of apples, plums,"cream" (sweet, "golden," or "mellow") Sherries.
peaches, and other fruits and vegetables fromThe day arrived for the official state of California
season to season.hearing on the proposed regulations. Before the time
This is why most wines are named for places, somecame to discuss Semillon, the spokesman for a group
for the specific localities where they are grown andof wineries made an announcement. "We are artists,"
others for the districts where their types originatedhe said. "We cannot agree to make our wines all the
centuries ago. Other wines display names of the rare,same. We oppose any definition for Semillons."
sometimes unpronounceable grape varieties fromUnable to answer that one, the researches
which they are made, but this, too, involvescontented themselves with establishing the definitions
geography, because the same variety grown in twoof the three not-too-rigid sweetness levels for
different localities may produce two quite differentSherries, which scraped through the hearing with only
wines.minor opposition.
Although there are a few world-traveled expertsIf you ever have occasion to read the California
who know the local geography of manyregulations—which is not recommended for
grape-growing regions, and who even possess someentertainment-please remember that, confusing
knowledge of grape ampelog-raphy, the combinationthough they are, no other wine regulations in the
of such wine names—to the averageworld give nearly as much flavor information as these
American—is merely euphonious gibberish.do.
Some travelers often search for an answer to theIt is unfortunate that Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese
question often asked by those who return from tripswines do not display—as most French and German
abroad: "Where can I find an American wine like thelabels do nowadays—the partially informative
one I enjoyed in Europe?" The Meursault that waslegends you read in small type, such as "Red
liked in France is grouped with its California relatives,Bordeaux Wine," "White Burgundy Wine," "Semi-dry
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc. If Red BordeauxWhite Vouvray Wine," and "Rhine Wine."
pleased, so will any well-made Cabernet; and so on.These represent at least one tiny step toward giving
Some years ago the staff of the Wine Institute,the public a hint of a wine's color and flavor. For if
appalled by the confusion then existing, undertook tothere ever was a product that required lucid
prepare a set of definitions of the principal Californiadescriptions of taste on its labels—and also, for
wine types and to write them into a state regulationthat matter, full "directions for use" on every
to guide producers, merchants, and beverage-controlbottle—that product is wine.
officials. The importance of the undertaking can be