First Steps in Investing Explained

To be an investor you must first accumulate fundsdepartments and services, may be considered as
for investment, and safety in your savings plan is theapplying modern merchandising methods to the
first consideration. This will immediately limit thebanking business.
number of media into which such funds may beThe savings or thrift account, as operated by most
placed. After you have accumulated a sufficientbanks, is an excellent depository for surplus funds.
amount, then will be the time to consider whetherThe interest rate varies with general business and
higher risks are justified.money conditions, but is about 3 per cent at present,
How much should be the goal before furtherusually credited semiannually, and compounded if not
investment, with attendant higher risks, iswithdrawn. The account is insured up to $10,000 by
attempted? The answer cannot be given in the formany bank which is a member of the Federal Deposit
of an exact amount, because your total income andInsurance Corporation. Over 90 per cent of present
expenditures will have a bearing upon it; but mostday commercial banks are members of the
authorities agree that a "nest egg" or "rainy dayorganization.
fund" must first be obtained which is the equivalentMany people complain that the rate of interest of
of at least three months' salary.about 3 per cent is too low. They forget that a high
In other words, investment for the person ofdegree of safety will always be coupled with a low
modest means is a series of steps: the gradualrate of return and that this is a fundamental principle
accumulation of surplus cash as a "rainy day" orof all investment.
emergency fund; the accumulation of an additionalBuilding and Loan Associations
fund for investment; and the placing of this fund inThese are locally owned, privately managed thrift and
investments which may entail somewhat higher risks.finance corporations. The savers really become
Mutual Savings Banksstockholders, since they purchase shares in the
These banks are quite different from commercialcompany with their deposits. Some of these
banks, inasmuch as there are no stockholders andassociations even offer installment accounts,
the depositors themselves receive, as dividends uponwhereby the depositor may buy shares on the
their deposits, all funds in excess of the costs ofinstallment plan. Their savings accounts are similar to
doing business and the amounts transferred tothose of banks, but they often pay a higher rate (32
surplus.to 42 per cent), because a larger percentage of their
This form of savings bank has several advantages,loans are invested in long-term home mortgages
among which the following are worthy of mention:which carry a higher interest rate.
It is a safe place for the deposit of surplus funds.Most of them are state chartered, but some are
It issues various combinations of life insurance atfederal chartered and will carry the word "Federal" in
very low rates.their titles. Those which are federal are members of
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationthe Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation,
membership offers $10,000 maximum insurance (as itwhich provides an insurance of $10,000 maximum per
does for other types of banks) on each depositaccount per person, similar to that in savings banks.
account for some of these banks; in three statesSome state charters require membership in the
(Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire) theFederal Home Loan Banking System as well. The
banks contribute to a central fund which providesdepositor should find out in all cases; the information
similar protection.is readily available.
Since these banks are state regulated, they will beAs in the case of savings banks, these institutions
subjected to frequent examination, which, in turn,are not required to pay out money on demand, but
protects the depositors.usually do so.
Commercial BanksAny of these institutions are a good place to start in
The modern commercial bank, with its variousyour investing.